برآورد محدودیت عناصر غذایی گیاه برنج با استفاده از روش تشخیص چندگانه عناصر غذایی (CND)

نویسندگان

1 مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

2 موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (تات)، کرج، ایران

3 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

چکیده

شناسایی وضعیت عناصر غذایی گیاه برنج در خاک و گیاه برای مدیریت تغذیه آن ضروری است. در اراضی شالیزاری از نتایج تجزیه خاک برای تخمین فراهمی عناصر غذایی استفاده می‌شود؛ اما همیشه وضعیت این عناصر با عملکرد گیاه مرتبط نیست؛ از این رو، از روش تشخیص چندگانه عناصر غذایی (CND) می‌توان در تفسیر نتایج تجزیه گیاه و بهبود مدیریت تغذیه گیاه برنج استفاده نمود. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین اعداد مرجع، دامنه غلظت مطلوب و محدودیت عناصر غذایی برای برنج، به روش CND در 60 مزرعه اراضی شالیزاری استان گیلان انجام شد. نمونه‌های مرکب خاک و برگ از مزارع زارعان جمع‌آوری و با استفاده از روش‌های استاندارد آزمایشگاهی تجزیه شدند. همچنین، عملکرد دانه برنج در هر مزرعه و شاخص‌های عناصر غذایی به روش CND تعیین شدند. با استفاده از مدل تابع تجمعی نسبت واریانس عناصر غذایی و از حل معادلات تابع تجمعی درجه سه مربوط به 10 عنصر غذایی به همراه غلظت باقی‌مانده، عملکردهای مرتبط با هر یک از آن‌ها محاسبه شدند و برای نیتروژن 76/3، فسفر 97/3، پتاسیم 95/3، کلسیم 99/3، منیزیم 01/4، گوگرد 99/3، آهن 98/3، منگنز 98/3، روی 0/4، مس 10/4 و عناصر باقی‌مانده (Rd) 71/16 به‌دست آمد. بر اساس میانگین عملکردهای محاسبه شده، عملکرد هدف به مقدار 13/4 تن در هکتار تعیین و با توجه به آن، 3/43 درصد از مزارع انتخابی در گروه با عملکرد زیاد و 6/56 درصد از آن‌ها در گروه با عملکرد کم قرار گرفتند. مهمترین عناصر غذایی موردِ نیاز در اراضی مطالعه شده منیزیم، فسفر، مس و روی بودند. یافته‌ها نشان داد که روش CND می‌تواند به عنوان یک ابزار تفسیر نتایج آزمون خاک و تجزیه گیاه در مدیریت تغذیه گیاه برنج استفاده شود.

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