افزایش غلظت ترکیب‌های زیست‌فعال کاکتوس با مصرف هیومیک اسید، عصاره جلبک دریایی و قارچ میکوریز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

2 پژوهشکده کشاورزی هسته‌ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

کاکتوس اپونتیا (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) به‌عنوان یک گیاه مقاوم به خشکی با کاربردهای متنوع در کشاورزی پایدار و صنایع غذایی و دارویی اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر مصرف هیومیک اسید، عصاره جلبک دریایی و قارچ میکوریز بر میزان ترکیب‌های زیست‌فعال شامل آنتی‌اکسیدان‌ها، فلاونوئیدها، کارتنوئیدها، فنل کل و ویتامین C در کاکتوس اپونتیا بود. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل 1- شاهد، 2- کاربرد میکوریز (M)، 3- کاربرد هیومیک اسید (HA)، 4- کاربرد عصاره جلبک دریایی (SW)، 5- کاربرد میکوریز + عصاره جلبک دریایی، 6- کاربرد میکوریز + هیومیک اسید، 7- کاربرد هیومیک اسید + عصاره جلبک دریایی، 8- کاربرد میکوریز + عصاره جلبک دریایی + هیومیک اسید بودند. آزمایش به‌صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با هشت تیمار و سه تکرار در گلخانه دانشگاه زنجان انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از قارچ میکوریز به‌تنهایی باعث افزایش چشمگیر غلظت کاروتنوئیدها (تا 84 درصد) و غلظت فنل کل (تا 49 درصد) در گیاه شد. تیمارهای هیومیک اسید و عصاره جلبک دریایی غلظت فلاونوئیدها را به‌طور معنادار افزایش دادند، به‌طوری که تیمار عصاره جلبک دریایی سبب افزایش 42 درصدی غلظت فلاونوئیدها شد. تیمار هیومیک اسید ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی را تا 70 درصد افزایش داد. ترکیب تیمارها اثرهای متنوعی داشت، به‌گونه‌ای که در برخی شاخص‌ها افزایش و در برخی کاهش مشاهده شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که به‌کارگیری عصاره جلبک دریایی و قارچ میکوریز می‌تواند به بهبود ترکیب‌های زیست‌فعال کاکتوس اپونتیا کمک نماید و به‌عنوان راهکاری مؤثر برای ارتقای ارزش تغذیه‌ای آن مطرح شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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