بررسی پارامترهای عملکردی و فتوسنتزی و روابط بین آن‌ها در ژنوتیپ‌های لوبیای سیاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران.

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

ثبات ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک و حفظ توان فتوسنتزی گیاه اهمیت زیادی در مطالعات مرتبط با تحمل به خشکی و انتخاب ژنوتیپ‌های مقاوم دارد. این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی عوامل فیزیولوژیکی و اجزای عملکرد و روابط آن‌ها با محصول دانه در 21 لاین لوبیای سیاه در طی دو سال متوالی و در دو فصل زراعی 1402 تا 1404 اجرا شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب نشان داد که در پارامترهای فتوسنتزی، به‌جز در صفات تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی و میزان فتوسنتز، بین دو سال اجرای آزمایش تفاوت معناداری مشاهده شد. به‌جز پارامتر هدایت روزنه‌ای بین ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد. در تمامی صفات عملکردی و مورفولوژیکی بین ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه، تفاوت معناداری وجود داشت. وجود تفاوت‌های معنادار نشانگر تنوع ژنوتیپ‌های مورد بررسی از نظرِ این صفات و امکان گزینش ژنوتیپ‌های مطلوب بر اساس آن‌ها در شرایط نرمال بود. ژنوتیپ‌های G2، G19، G20 و G13 دارای بیشترین تعداد غلاف در بوته، ژنوتیپ‌های G21، G5، G6، G8، G12 و G17 دارای بیشترین تعداد دانه در غلاف، ژنوتیپ‌های G2، G19 و G13 دارای بیشترین تعداد دانه در بوته، ژنوتیپ‌های G1، G4، G11 و G6 دارای بیشترین وزن 100 دانه و ژنوتیپ‌های G19، G13 و G15 دارای بیشترین عملکرد دانه بودند. صفات تعداد بوته در کرت، تعداد دانه در غلاف، تعداد روز تا رسیدگی و وزن 100 دانه با تأثیر مثبت معنادار تبیین‌کننده تغییرات میزان عملکرد بودند. بنابراین، مقادیر بالای تعداد دانه در غلاف و وزن 100 دانه سبب افزایش محصول دانه شدند. ژنوتیپ‌های G19، G13 و G15 بیشترین محصول دانه را داشتند و تعداد غلاف در بوته و تعداد دانه در بوته آن‌ها بیشتر از سایر ژنوتیپ‌ها بودند. رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد که هدایت روزنه‌ای و CO2 زیرروزنه‌ای مهمترین صفات تبیین‌کننده تغییرات میزان فتوسنتز و تعداد بوته در کرت، تعداد دانه در غلاف، تعداد روز تا رسیدگی و وزن 100 دانه مهمترین صفات تبیین‌کننده تغییرات محصول دانه بودند. بنابراین، این صفات می‌توانند برای بهبود محصول دانه لوبیا در برنامه‌های اصلاحی برای انتخاب ژنوتیپ در شرایط مختلف محیطی قابل‌توجه باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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