تعیین دوز بهینه پرتوتابی گامای هیومیک اسید برای بهبود برخی صفات زراعی و عملکرد فلفل دلمه‌ای با استفاده از طیف‌سنجی تبدیل فوریه مادون قرمز (FTIR)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

پژوهشکده کشاورزی هسته‌ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش، تعیین دوز بهینه پرتوتابی گاما برای اصلاح ساختار مولکولی هیومیک اسید و ارزیابی اثر آن به همراه هیومیک اسید بر برخی صفات زراعی و عملکرد فلفل دلمه‌ای (Capsicum annuum L.) در شرایط گلخانه بود. این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل پرتوتابی هیومیک اسید مایع با دوزهای صفر، ۵۰۰، ۱۰۰۰، ۲۰۰۰ و ۴۰۰۰ گری و مقدار هیومیک اسید مصرفی در پنج سطح صفر، 5/1، 3، 5/4 و 6 گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک بودند. تغییرات ساختاری با طیف‌سنجی FTIR بررسی و صفات رویشی و عملکردی گیاه اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثرهای ساده دوز پرتوتابی و مقدار مصرف هیومیک اسید بر تمامی صفات در سطح احتمال ۱ درصد معنادار بودند. آنالیز FTIR نشان داد که دوز ۲۰۰۰ گری باعث تخریب برخی پیوندهای شیمیایی و افزایش معنادار گروه‌های عاملی هیدروکسیل و کربوکسیل، کاهش وزن مولکولی و بهبود حل‌پذیری هیومیک اسید گردید، در حالی که دوز ۴۰۰۰ گری سبب کاهش شدید پیک‌ها و از بین رفتن ساختار کربوکسیل شد. تیمار 3 گرم هیومیک اسید با دوز پرتوتابی ۲۰۰۰ گری بهترین نتایج را نشان داد به‌طوری که نسبت به تیمار کمترین سطح هیومیک اسید و بدون پرتوتابی، وزن تر میوه فلفل دلمه‌ای 7/15 درصد (از 1/104 گرم به 4/120  گرم بر بوته)، وزن خشک میوه 0/19 درصد (از 1/12 به 4/14 گرم بر بوته) و سطح برگ 4/39 درصد (از ۷/۲۳۳ به ۷/۳۲۵ سانتی‌متر مربع بر بوته) افزایش یافت. در مقابل، دوز ۴۰۰۰ گری باعث کاهش عملکرد میوه فلفل دلمه‌ای گردید. به‌طور کلی، پرتوتابی گاما با دوز ۲۰۰۰ گری به عنوان روشی مؤثر و پاک برای اصلاح ساختار مولکولی هیومیک اسید، کاهش مصرف آن و افزایش کارایی زیستی آن معرفی گردید. بنابراین، استفاده از 3 گرم هیومیک اسید پرتوتابی شده با دوز 2000 گری در هر کیلوگرم خاک برای کشت گلخانه‌ای فلفل دلمه‌ای قابل‌توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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