ارزیابی مکانی تناسب خاک برای تولید پایدار سویا در استان مازندران، ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست‌فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

چکیده

شناسایی مناطق دارای خاک مناسب برای کشت محصولات زراعی می‌تواند ضمن افزایش بهره‌وری و کاهش هزینه‌های تولید، از تخریب محیط‌زیست جلوگیری کند. برای این کار، پژوهشی برای ارزیابی تناسب خاک اراضی کشاورزی استان مازندران برای کشت سویا (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) با بهره‌گیری از فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP)، درون‌یابی مکانی و سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) انجام شد. بر اساس نیازهای بوم‌شناختی سویا، چهار ویژگی اصلی خاک شامل بافت، ماده آلی، قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی (EC) و pH به‌عنوان معیارهای ارزیابی انتخاب شدند. اهمیت نسبی این معیارها با بهره‌گیری از AHP تعیین و الگوی توزیع مکانی آن‌ها از طریق روش‌های مختلف درون‌یابی تخمین زده شد. در پایان، لایه‌های استاندارد‌‌شده هر یک با به‌کارگیری ابزار هم‌پوشانی وزنی در محیط GIS تلفیق و روی‌‌هم‌گذاری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که EC و ماده آلی بیشترین تأثیر (به‌ترتیب ارزش وزنی 0.457 و 0.307) را در تعیین تناسب خاکی برای کشت سویا داشتند. مدل‌های اسپیلان کاملاً منظم و کریجینگ معمولی بیشترین دقت را در پیش‌بینی ویژگی‌های خاک نشان دادند. توزیع مکانی نقشه‌های حاصل نشان داد که با مقادیر EC کمتر از 3.5dS/m، تنش شوری در شرایط فعلی تهدیدی برای رشد بهینه سویا محسوب نمی‌شود. از نظر مقدار ماده آلی (2 تا 6 درصد) و pH (6.5 تا 8.5) نیز شرایط مساعدی برای رشد سویا فراهم بود. قرارگیری اراضی کشاورزی منطقه در دو طبقه بسیار مستعد (سه‌چهارم اراضی) و مستعد نشان می‌دهد که محدودیت‌های خاکی برای کشت سویا در منطقه ناچیز و خطر شکست محصول بسیار پایین بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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