اثر متقابل کم‌‌آبیاری و کاربرد سیلیسیم بر اجزای عملکرد، کارایی مصرف آب و تجمع زیستی بور و سدیم در دانه گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان هرمزگان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندرعباس، ایران.

2 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، داراب، ایران.

چکیده

خشکی یکی از مهم‌ترین تنش‌های محیطی است که می‌تواند بر عملکرد گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) و کیفیت آن که مهم‌ترین گیاه تیره غلات و غذای غالب مردم است، تأثیرگذار باشد. بنابراین، معرفی راهکارهای کاهش اثرهای منفی خشکی بر عملکرد و کیفیت گندم، گام بزرگی در مسیر تولید پایدار و امنیت غذایی خواهد بود. یکی از راهکارهای تعدیل اثرهای تنش خشکی بر گندم، مصرف عنصرهایی نظیر پتاسیم، روی و سیلیسیم است. بنابراین، پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر پتاسیم سیلیکات بر اجزای عملکرد، کارایی مصرف آب و تجمع زیستی بور و سدیم در دانه گندم رقم چمران در شرایط تنش خشکی، به‌‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 12 تیمار و 3 تکرار طی دو سال در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی حاجی‌آباد هرمزگان اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل آبیاری در دو سطح (60 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی)، مصرف خاکی پتاسیم سیلیکات در دو سطح (صفر و 20 کیلوگرم بر هکتار) و محلول‌پاشی پتاسیم سیلیکات در سه سطح (صفر، 2.5 و 5 کیلوگرم بر هکتار) بودند. آبیاری به‌صورت قطره‌ای نواری انجام شد. عنصرهای غذایی موردِ نیاز گندم بر اساس تجزیه خاک به صورت یکسان در همه تیمارها مصرف شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اعمال تنش کم‌آبی (60 درصد نیاز آبی) از یک سو باعث کاهش عملکرد دانه، محصول زیست‌توده و وزن هزار دانه گندم و افزایش کارایی مصرف آب و تشدید انتقال سدیم و بور به دانه گندم شد. در هر دو شرایط تنش کم‌آبی و آبیاری مطلوب، مصرف پتاسیم سیلیکات موجب بهبود اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب شد. همچنین، مصرف پتاسیم سیلیکات باعث کاهش فاکتور تجمع زیستی سدیم و بور در دانه گندم شد و اثر مصرف خاکی آن بیشتر از محلول‌پاشی بود. بنابراین، هم در شرایط کم‌آبی و هم در آبیاری نرمال، مصرف خاکی 20 کیلوگرم پتاسیم سیلیکات در هکتار برای گیاه گندم توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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