اثر تلفیق تریپل سوپرفسفات با لئوناردیت بر برخی ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و جمعیت میکروبی یک خاک لوم شنی قلیایی و غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم برگ سیاهدانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران.

10.22034/sps.2026.70938.1029

چکیده

افزایش کیفیت حاصلخیزی خاک و کارایی جذب عناصر غذایی در گیاهان دارویی، به‌ویژه در خاک‌های با بافت سبک، نیازمند بهره‌گیری از رویکردهای تلفیقی در مدیریت تغذیه گیاهان است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر کاربرد لئوناردیت، منبع غنی از هیومیک اسید و تریپل سوپرفسفات بر برخی ویژگی‌های شیمیایی خاک، جمعیت میکروبی و غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.)  در یک خاک لوم شنی انجام شد. این آزمایش در سال زراعی 1401-1400 در قالب طرح  بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در منطقه پرچین شهرستان گرمی، استان اردبیل، با میانگین بارندگی سالانه بالای 500 میلی‌متر، در شرایط دیم با 9 تیمار شامل 1- شاهد، 2- تریپل سوپرفسفات 50 کیلوگرم بر هکتار (P50)، 3-تریپل سوپرفسفات 100 کیلوگرم بر هکتار (P100)، 4- لئوناردیت 100 کیلوگرم بر هکتار (H100)، 5- لئوناردیت 200 کیلوگرم بر هکتار (H200)، 6- 50 کیلوگرم تریپل سوپرفسفات + 100 کیلوگرم لئوناردیت بر هکتار (P50H100)، 7-25 کیلوگرم تریپل سوپرفسفات + 150 کیلوگرم لئوناردیت بر هکتار (P25H150)، 8- 75 کیلوگرم تریپل سوپرفسفات + 50 کیلوگرم لئوناردیت بر هکتار (P75H50) و 9- 25 کیلوگرم تریپل سوپرفسفات + 50 کیلوگرم لئوناردیت بر هکتار (P25H50) انجام شد. تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که تیمارها بر غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم کل برگ سیاهدانه، غلظت نیتروژن کل و فسفر قابل‌جذب گیاه در خاک و جمعیت میکروبی خاک ریزوسفر سیاهدانه و غیرریزوسفر تأثیری معنادار داشتند اما اثر آن‌ها بر EC، کربن آلی و غلظت پتاسیم قابل‌جذب گیاه در خاک معنادار نبود. بیشترین غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم برگ سیاهدانه و بیشترین جمعیت میکروبی در خاک ریزوسفری و غیرریزوسفری و بیشترین کربن آلی در تیمار تلفیقی 25 کیلوگرم تریپل سوپرفسفات + 150 کیلوگرم لئوناردیت بر هکتار (P25H150) مشاهده شد. این تیمار موجب افزایش معنادار غلظت نیتروژن کل و فسفر قابل‌جذب گیاه در خاک نسبت به شاهد شد. همبستگی مثبت بین غلظت فسفر قابل‌جذب گیاه در خاک با غلظت این عنصر در برگ گیاه سیاهدانه (r = 0.75**) بیانگر انتقال مؤثر فسفر به این گیاه بود. به‌طور کلی، تیمارهای تلفیقی آلی–معدنی با افزایش ماده آلی خاک و فعالیت میکروبی، سبب بهبود حاصلخیزی خاک و افزایش غلظت عناصر پرمصرف اولیه در خاک و برگ سیاهادانه شدند. این رویکرد می‌تواند در مدیریت خاک‌های قلیایی با بافت سبک به‌عنوان گزینه‌ای کارآمد برای تولید پایدار گیاهان دارویی از جمله سیاهدانه توصیه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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