Study of functional and photosynthetic parameters and their relationships in black bean genotypes

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Zanjan, Iran.

2 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction
Increasing awareness of physiological and yield traits that are effective in shaping grain yield can be a suitable criterion for selecting effective traits for improving grain yield. In this regard, the stability of physiological characteristics and maintenance of plant photosynthetic capacity are of great importance in studies related to drought tolerance and selection of resistant genotypes. On the other hand, a better understanding of plant physiological responses to environmental stresses can assist breeders in programs that aim to breed for drought or salinity tolerance. Measuring grain yield is one of the important indicators in crop breeding programs for adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress conditions; however, due to the low heritability of this trait, measuring the yield, physiological, morphological, and biochemical traits related to stress, especially drought stress, seems necessary alongside it. Given the high antioxidant and nutritional properties of black beans, selecting tolerant genotypes based on physiological and yield parameters can help develop the cultivation of these cultivars in low rainfall areas of the country. Iran has an arid and semi-arid climate, and water deficit is one of the main problems of Iranian agriculture; therefore, the occurrence of drought stress during the growth period is inevitable, and even the reaction of bean varieties to drought stress is different. The present study aimed to evaluate physiological factors and yield components and their relationships with grain yield in 21 black bean lines during two consecutive years under normal irrigation conditions.
 
Materials and Methods
This research was conducted using selected advanced lines of black bean (21 lines of Colombian origin) in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications at Kheirabad station in Zanjan province during two cropping seasons from 2023 to 2025. Photosynthetic parameters were measured during the growing season and yield traits were measured after harvest. Combined variance analysis, comparison of means, correlation, and finally stepwise regression analysis were performed with the dependent variable of photosynthesis rate and total yield.
 
Results
The results of the combined analysis of variance showed that in photosynthetic parameters, except for the traits of photosynthetic activated radiation and photosynthesis rate, a significant difference was observed at the 1% level between the two years of the experiment. Except for the stomatal conductance parameter, no significant differences were observed between the studied genotypes. Significant differences were observed at the 1% probability level in all functional and morphological traits between the studied genotypes. The existence of significant differences indicated the diversity between the studied genotypes in terms of these traits and the possibility of selecting desirable genotypes based on them under normal conditions. Genotypes G5, G20, G2 and G4 had the highest stomatal conductance, G2, G19, G20 and G13 had the highest number of pods per plant, G21, G5, G6, G8, G12 and G17 had the highest number of seeds per pod, G2, G19 and G13 had the highest number of seeds per plant, G1, G4, G11 and G6 had the highest 100-seed weight and G19, G13 and G15 had the highest seed yield. Substomatal CO2 showed a significant negative correlation with photosynthetic water efficiency, photosynthetic water use efficiency, mesophyll conductance, and leaf temperature, and a significant positive correlation with stomatal conductance. Transpiration rate showed a positive correlation with leaf temperature, substomatal CO2 content, and stomatal conductance, and a significant negative correlation with water use efficiency and photosynthetic water use efficiency. Grain yield showed a significant positive correlation with the traits number of plants per plot, plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, and photosynthetic water use efficiency, and a significant negative correlation with substomatal CO2, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance. Stepwise regression analysis showed that among the photosynthetic parameters, stomatal conductance and substomatal CO2, had a significant positive and negative effect explaining changes in the rate of photosynthesis respectively. Among the measured yield traits, the traits number of plants per plot, number of seeds per pod, number of days to maturity, and 100-seed weight had a significant positive effect explaining changes in yield. Therefore, high values ​​of the number of seeds per pod and the weight of 100 seeds have led to increased grain yield.
 
Conclusion
The results showed that G19, G13, and G15 had the highest seed yield and these genotypes had a higher number of pods per plant and a higher number of seeds per plant than other genotypes. Stomatal conductance and substomatal CO2, were the most important traits explaining changes in photosynthesis rate, and four traits, number of plants per plot, number of seeds per pod, number of days to maturity, and 100-seed weight, were the most important traits explaining changes in seed yield. Therefore, these traits can be significant as a basis for selection to improve bean seed yield in breeding programs for different environmental conditions.
 

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Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Soil and Plant Science
Volume 36, Issue 2
March 2025
Pages 59-81

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